NALOXONE

NALOXONE
Class
 
  • Narcotic antagonist.
Action
 
  • Blocks the effects of both natural and synthetic narcotics by binding competitively to opioid receptors in the brain and reverse their effect, may reverse respiratory depression.
Indications
 
  • Suspected narcotic/opiate overdose.
  • Coma of unknown etiology.
Contraindications
 
  • Known hypersensitivity.
Precaution
  • This medication has a half-life shorter that most narcotics, thus allowing the patient to return to the overdose state, repeated doses might be required in some cases.
  • May induce opiate withdrawal in patients that are physically dependent.(agitation, tachycardia, pulmonary edema, etc.)
Side effects
  • Nausea / Vomiting.
  • Hypertension, Hyperventilation
  • V.F V.T, Cardiac arrest
Administration
Rout: IV/IO Onset: < 2 minutes Peak effect: < 2 minutes Duration: 20-120 minute
Rout: IM/IN Onset: 10 minutes Peak effect: 2-10 minutes Duration: 20-120 minute
Adult Dose:
With minimal respiratory depression:
  • Opioid naïve (non-dependent) : 0.4mg IV/I.O/I.N push or IM.
  • Opioid dependent: 0.05mg IV/I.O/I.N push or IM
  • Repeat as Needed every 2-3 minutes until respiration is restored.
With apnea or severe respiratory depression:
  • 2.0 mg IV/I.O/I.N push or IM
Pediatric Dose:
  • 0.1mg/kg IV/IO/I.N or I.M. (for infants and children from birth to 5 years of age or 20 kg of body weight). Children olden than 5 years of age or weighing more than 20 kg may be given 0.2- 0.4mg , maximum dose 2mg.
  • Repeat as needed every 2-3 minutes until respiration is restored.
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